TECHNICAL GARDH

                                Unit- I

Introduction to system, Definition and characteristics of a system, Elements of system, Types of system, System development life cycle, Role of system analyst, Analyst/user interface, System planning and initial investigation: Introduction, Bases for planning in system analysis, Sources of project requests, Initial investigation, Fact finding, Information gathering, information gathering tools, Fact analysis, Determination of feasibility.

Elements of a System:-

1. Outputs

2. Inputs

3. Processor

4. Control

5. Environment

6. Feedback

7. Boundaries and Interface

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Outputs and Inputs

• The main aim of a system is to produce an output which is useful for its user.
• Inputs are the information that enters into the system for processing.
• Output is the outcome of processing.

Processor(s)

• The processor is the element of a system that involves the actual transformation of input into output.
• It is the operational component of a system. Processors may modify the input either totally or partially, depending on the output specification.
Control
• The control element guides the system.
• It is the decision–making subsystem that controls the pattern of activities governing input, processing, and output.
• The behavior of a computer System is controlled by the Operating System and software. In order to keep system in balance, what and how much input is needed is determined by Output Specifications.
Feedback
• Feedback provides the control in a dynamic system.

• Positive feedback is routine in nature that encourages the performance of the system.

• Negative feedback is informational in nature that provides the controller with information for action.

Environment

• The environment is the “super system” within which an organization operates.
• It is the source of external elements that strike on the system.
• It determines how a system must function. For example, vendors and competitors of organization’s environment may provide constraints that affect the actual performance of the business.
Boundaries and Interface
• A system should be defined by its boundaries. Boundaries are the limits that identify its components, processes, and interrelationship when it interfaces with another system.
• Each system has boundaries that determine its sphere of influence and control.
• The knowledge of the boundaries of a given system is crucial in determining the nature of its interface with other systems for successful design.